Angiography is a diagnostic imaging technique used to visualize the interior of blood vessels and organs. It involves the injection of a contrast dye into the bloodstream, which enhances the visibility of the blood vessels on X-ray, CT scan, or MRI images. This procedure helps in assessing the condition of blood vessels and identifying abnormalities such as blockages, aneurysms, or malformations. Angiography is typically performed to evaluate conditions such as coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, aneurysms, or vascular malformations. It is often used when symptoms such as unexplained pain, swelling, or abnormal blood flow are present, or to investigate abnormalities found in other diagnostic tests. For example, coronary angiography is used to assess the arteries of the heart, while cerebral angiography is used to examine the blood vessels in the brain. Complications from angiography are relatively uncommon but can include allergic reactions to the contrast dye, bleeding or bruising at the injection site, and kidney damage, particularly if the patient has pre-existing kidney issues. Other potential complications include infection, vessel damage, or in rare cases, a severe allergic reaction or contrast-induced nephropathy. There is also a minimal risk of stroke or heart attack during certain types of angiography, such as coronary angiography, if there are pre-existing cardiovascular issues.
Preparation for angiography generally involves fasting for a few hours before the procedure and informing the healthcare provider about any allergies or kidney problems. After the procedure, patients are typically monitored for a short period to check for any immediate complications or reactions. Most individuals can resume normal activities relatively quickly, although they may need to avoid strenuous activities for a short time. Angiography is a crucial tool in diagnosing and managing various vascular conditions, providing detailed information that guides effective treatment planning.
